Understanding Jackknife Accidents: Causes and Prevention

Posted on: January 2, 2025

A jackknife accident occurs when a truck’s trailer swings out to an angle, forming a shape similar to that of a folding knife, hence the term “jackknife.” This can result in the truck blocking multiple lanes or even rolling over, causing devastating injuries and damage. Understanding their causes and ways to prevent them can help you make informed decisions if you are involved in this type of truck accident.

What Causes a Jackknife Accident?

One of the most common causes is the loss of traction between the truck’s tractor and trailer. This can occur when the driver brakes too suddenly or aggressively, especially on wet or icy roads. When the wheels on the trailer lock up, they can slide sideways, causing the trailer to swing out of control.

Another cause of jackknife accidents is poor weather conditions. Rain, snow, or ice can reduce the friction between the tires and the road, increasing the likelihood of losing control. Strong winds may also push against the trailer, making it harder for the driver to maintain control of the vehicle.

Driver error is another contributing factor. If a truck driver makes sudden maneuvers, drives at excessive speeds, or is distracted, the risk of a jackknife accident increases. Inadequate training or lack of experience with large vehicles can also lead to jackknife accidents.

Can Mechanical Failures Lead to a Jackknife Accident?

Yes. A malfunctioning brake system is one of the primary culprits, as it can prevent the driver from controlling the vehicle properly. If the brakes on the truck are not functioning correctly or are unevenly applied, the trailer may begin to slide or swing, leading to a jackknife.

Another potential mechanical issue is a failure in the truck’s coupling system, which connects the tractor and the trailer. If this system is compromised, it can lead to instability between the two parts of the truck.

Regular maintenance and inspections are vital for preventing such mechanical issues. If a truck is not maintained properly, the chances of an accident occurring increase significantly.

How Do Driver Actions Affect the Risk of a Jackknife Accident?

Driver behavior plays a significant role in the occurrence of jackknife accidents. Sudden braking is one of the most common causes. When a truck driver brakes abruptly, the force may cause the trailer to skid, particularly if the road is wet or icy. Drivers should maintain a safe following distance and avoid slamming on the brakes to reduce the risk of losing control.

Speeding also leads to jackknife accidents. Driving too fast for conditions, especially on slippery or curved roads, can make it difficult for the driver to maintain control of the truck. Speed limits are set for a reason, and exceeding them can increase the likelihood of a jackknife.

Distractions, driver fatigue, and DUI can also lead to accidents. If a driver is not paying full attention to the road, they may miss a critical moment to respond to changes in road conditions or traffic patterns.

What Measures Can Be Taken to Prevent a Jackknife Accident?

There are several steps that can help prevent jackknife accidents:

• Proper truck maintenance is a key factor. Ensuring that brakes are functioning correctly, the coupling system is secure, and tires have adequate tread can reduce the likelihood of an accident. Regular inspections by qualified mechanics help identify and address issues before they cause problems on the road.
• Proper driver training is essential. Understanding how to handle the vehicle in different weather conditions, maintaining a safe speed, and practicing safe braking techniques can reduce the risk of a jackknife accident.  
• Leveraging technology can also be beneficial. Some modern trucks are equipped with Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS) and stability control features, which assist drivers in maintaining control during difficult conditions. These systems can help prevent the trailer from skidding and reduce the likelihood of a jackknife.

Seek Legal Guidance from the Knowledgeable Freehold Truck Accident Lawyers at Ellis Law

The experienced Freehold truck accident lawyers at Ellis Law offer free consultations and can guide you through the legal process after a truck accident. Let us fight to protect your rights. Just call our Freehold, New Jersey, office at 732-308-0200 or contact us online. We proudly serve clients in Asbury Park, East Brunswick, Toms River, Middletown, Jersey City, Long Branch, Neptune, Hudson County, Union County, Essex County, Monmouth County, Marlboro, and Ocean County, as well as Brooklyn and New York City.